Serbian 401 — the group of feminine nouns that ends in a consonant, and the ending that reshapes it.
These nouns are feminine, they end in a consonant, and they behave nothing like žena. In the instrumental they take -ju — and that j immediately melts into the consonant in front of it. The technical name is jotation; in practice it is four little collisions worth memorising.
| Nominativ | + ju | Instrumental |
|---|---|---|
| odgovornost, mladost, radost | st + ju | odgovornošću, mladošću, radošću |
| smrt | t + ju | smrću |
| glad | d + ju | glađu |
| reč | č + ju | rečju — č already soft, nothing changes |
Every noun in -ost follows the first row, and there are hundreds of them: any quality turned into a noun. Once you can say odgovornošću, you can say all of them.
There is a second, quieter form: -i, identical to the genitive and dative. S odgovornosti and s odgovornošću are both correct, the first more common in bureaucratic writing, the second in ordinary speech. This exercise accepts either.
And keep two pairs apart. Svest is consciousness or awareness — svešću. Savest is conscience, the moral one — savešću. One letter, and the difference between knowing something and feeling guilty about it.
English on the left. Type the Serbian noun in the instrumental.
1. with responsibility
2. with youth
3. with awareness
4. with the future
5. with honesty
6. with danger
7. with a word
8. with conscience
9. with death
10. with joy
11. with hunger
12. with security
13. with closeness
14. with reality
15. with art
16. with passion
17. with duty
18. with the past
SR (lat): Prihvataju se oba oblika, na -šću i na -i. Latinicom ili ćirilicom; dijakritici su opcioni.
СР (ћир): Прихватају се оба облика, на -шћу и на -и. Латиницом или ћирилицом; дијакритици су опциони.
EN: Both endings are accepted, -šću and -i. Latin or Cyrillic, diacritics optional.
Petnaest vežbi na ovom nivou. Dalje idu kolokacije na 501.
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